1. Offshore wind farms
(1) Offshore wind farms are divided into intertidal and subtidal mudflat wind farms, offshore wind farms and deep-sea wind farms. The water depth of intertidal and subtidal mudflat wind farms is less than 5m, the water depth of offshore wind farms is 5-50m, and the water depth of deep-sea wind farms is more than 50m.
(2) At present, offshore wind farms are mainly located within the nearshore area, mostly within the intertidal zone. The development of large-scale intertidal and nearshore wind farms is technically mature.
2. IRENA data for offshore wind farms
According to IRENA, the weighted average LCOE of global offshore wind power has decreased from $0.197/kWh in 2010 to $0.081/kWh in 2022, only about 17% higher than fossil fuels. This gap is still narrowing, and the global wind power industry has entered a prosperous development cycle. The economic viability of wind power generation will further improve in the future. Compared to 2022, the global offshore wind power installed capacity is expected to increase from 63GW in 2022 to 494GW in 2030, with a growth potential of approximately 684% and an average annual increase of approximately 54GW.
3. Offshore wind power structures
The foundation of wind power support includes towers, pile foundations, conduit racks, etc.
(1) The wind turbine tower is a connecting component between the wind turbine and the pile foundation and conduit frame. It needs to support the wind turbine and is also an important component required for the maintenance, transmission and transformation of the wind turbine. Wind power towers can be divided into onshore and offshore wind power towers, with the construction cost of towers accounting for 12%/8% in onshore and offshore wind power projects, respectively.
(2) The pile foundation and jacket are the supporting foundations for offshore wind power equipment, with the upper end connected to the wind turbine tower and the lower end embedded in the seabed base, playing a connecting and supporting role. The construction cost of pile foundation in offshore wind power projects accounts for 14%.
4. Large scale wind turbines are one of the important solutions to reduce costs and increase efficiency in wind power
(1) The application of large megawatt models can reduce the number of units in offshore wind farms, significantly reduce the initial supporting costs such as transportation, installation, and cable connection, as well as the later operation and maintenance management costs. At the same time, it can also help the average wind speed of the wind farm and improve the economic efficiency of the wind farm.
(2) According to Roland Berger's calculation of a certain wind farm, replacing a 3MW model with a 6MW model can reduce the cost of leveling electricity by about 17%. In 2022, the average single unit capacity of newly added land wind and sea wind in China reached 4.3/7.4MW respectively, an increase of 1.7/2.5pct compared to 2020.
(3) Under the trend of large-scale wind turbines, the single MW value of the tower is basically stable, and the unit value of the pile foundation has increased. According to the prospectus of Haili Wind Power, the single unit capacity of its pile foundation has increased from 3.29MW in 2018 to 4.46MW, an increase of 35.56%. The selling price of a single MW pile foundation has increased by 41.40%, and the cost has increased by 35.53%, showing an upward trend in value.
5. Offshore economy of wind turbines
(1) Offshore wind farms or tidal power plants require a significant amount of funding, which stimulates job growth. The construction of these projects involves multiple stages such as engineering design, manufacturing, and installation, attracting many workers and technical talents to participate, thus injecting vitality into the job market.
(2) Offshore new energy projects also contribute to promoting local economic development. In order to support the construction and operation of these projects, it is necessary to purchase equipment, materials, and various services, which directly promote local economic activities. At the same time, these projects have also brought about the development of a series of related industries, such as construction, transportation, and maintenance services, further promoting the prosperity of the local economy.
(3) Offshore new energy projects can also provide stable energy supply and reduce dependence on imported oil and other fossil fuels. This helps to reduce the volatility of energy prices and improve the level of national energy security. In addition, offshore new energy projects can also sell excess energy, providing a new economic source for the country.
6. Social impact
(1) These offshore new energy projects provide important support for energy transformation. Offshore new energy projects utilize renewable energy, which is more environmentally friendly and clean compared to traditional energy. By promoting and developing offshore new energy projects, we can reduce reliance on high polluting energy sources such as coal, reduce air and water pollution, improve environmental quality, and enhance people's quality of life.
(2) Offshore new energy projects also contribute to promoting technological innovation and progress. The development of offshore new energy requires the use of advanced technology and equipment, which promotes the development of scientific research and engineering technology. At the same time, the construction process of offshore new energy projects constantly generates new technological demands, promoting continuous innovation and progress in the relevant industrial chain.
(3) The offshore new energy project has also improved the local social infrastructure and public services. In order to carry out these projects, it is necessary to build infrastructure such as ports, roads, and power transmission and distribution networks, thereby improving the transportation, electricity and other infrastructure conditions in the relevant areas. This also provides better public services and quality of life for the local people.
Boland Renewable Energy Co., LTD En tant que nouvelle société d'énergie intégrée, vous fournissant des solutions intégrées de haute qualité pour l'énergie éolienne, l'énergie solaire et le système de stockage d'énergie. Boland est maintenant une filiale de CRRC et est responsable de l'expansion à l'étranger de l'énergie éolienne de CRRC. & entreprise d'énergie solaire. Nous disposons d'une chaîne d'approvisionnement interne relativement complète, d'un réseau de service et d'une excellente qualité de produit et de technologie.
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