Tidal power is a form of hydroelectric power generation that utilizes the movement of tidal currents, or the rise and fall of the tidal sea surface, to derive energy from it. Although not yet widely used, tidal power has good potential for future electricity supply. In addition it is more predictable than wind or solar energy.
1. Principle of tidal hydroelectric power plant
Tidal power is a hydroelectric power plant using tidal power generation must have two conditions: first, the amplitude of the tide must be large, at least a few meters; second, the coastal terrain must be able to save a large amount of seawater, and can be civil engineering. Tidal power generation is to build a dam in the estuary or bay to form a natural reservoir, and the turbine generator set is installed in the barrage. When the seawater (or river water) level rises when the reservoir storage, when the seawater (or river water) level falls, the reservoir level and the outer sea tidal level between the formation of a certain tidal range, the dam outlet at the turbine generator set by the seawater (or river water) driven and power generation.
2. Types of tidal hydroelectric power plants
Types of tidal power station include single reservoir unidirectional tidal power station, single reservoir bidirectional tidal power station and double reservoir bidirectional tidal power station.
1. single reservoir unidirectional: only one reservoir is used and power is generated only at high or low tide. 2. single reservoir bidirectional: only one reservoir is used and power is generated only at high or low tide.
2. single-bank bidirectional: one reservoir is used, but power can be generated at both high and low tides, but not at flat tides.
3. double reservoir two-way: it is two neighboring reservoirs so that one reservoir in the high tide into the water, the other reservoir in the low tide release of water, so that the water level of the former reservoir is always higher than the water level of the latter reservoir, so the former is called “on the reservoir”, the latter is called “lower reservoirs Therefore, the former is called “upper reservoir” and the latter is called “lower reservoir”. Turbine generator set placed in the dam between the two reservoirs, the two reservoirs always maintain the water level difference, so you can generate electricity throughout the day.
3. Advantages of tidal hydroelectric power plant
1. Tidal energy is a kind of renewable and clean energy without pollution and does not affect the ecological balance, so tidal power generation does not have the problems of anti-corrosion of equipment and anti-sea organisms attachment.
2. Tidal energy is a relatively stable and reliable energy source, seldom affected by natural factors such as climate and hydrology, and the total power generation capacity is stable throughout the year, with no influence of abundant and dry water years and abundant and dry water periods.
3. The construction of tidal power station also does not require immigration, not only no submergence loss, on the contrary, can also reclaim a large area of land, there is a huge comprehensive utilization of benefits.
4. Tidal power station does not need to build high dams, even if war or earthquake and other natural disasters occur, dams are damaged, but not to the downstream cities, farmland, people's lives and property caused by serious disasters.
5. The tide rises and falls every day, week after week, and is inexhaustible. It can be fully developed into an important supplementary energy source for living, production and reclamation in coastal areas.
6. Tidal energy development is a combination of primary energy and secondary energy, no fuel, not affected by the price of primary energy, and low operating costs, is a kind of economic energy.
4. The role of tidal hydroelectric power station
1. Tidal power station can not only provide clean electricity, such as at the same time the use of scientific engineering and technical measures to optimize the layout of the tidal power station of water conservancy projects, but also to promote the development of coastal economy multi-industry.
2. Damp-proof disaster: the construction of tidal power station is to build a barrage and a tide gate at the mouth of the river, and the reasonable selection of the height of the barrage and the over-watering capacity of the tide gate can play the role of tidal embankment and tidal gate, which can further improve the standard of coastal tidal protection, and protect the coastal villages and arable land.
3. The moderate heightening of the river embankment along the river backwater area of the tidal power station will be conducive to river flooding, improve the river flood control standard, provide safe and conveniently accessible construction land for the development of coastal enterprises, and promote the local industrial and agricultural development.
4. Increase inland seafood aquaculture capacity: The construction of a tidal power station can artificially control the area of water surface where seawater enters the inland, stabilize the aquaculture range, save the cost of pumping water, and increase the aquaculture benefits. As the control range of the tidal power station is much larger than the original aquaculture area, the construction of the tidal power station can greatly expand the aquaculture area, increase the aquaculture output value and improve the aquaculture income.
5. Expanding the scale of salt industry: sea salt is the pillar industry of the coast, and with the development of the salt industry, the ancient coastal natural sun-drying salt industry can no longer meet the industrial demand. A large number of pumped salt-drying ponds have been formed along the coast, and the tidal power station impoundment project has raised the water level of the coastal river section.
As an important way of marine energy development, tidal power stations face many challenges, but their clean and stable characteristics and environmental friendliness make them an important direction for future energy development. With technological advances and cost reductions, tidal power stations are expected to be more widely used worldwide, contributing to the realization of global sustainable development goals.
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