Введение
On the southern bank of the "several" bends of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia and the northern edge of the Ordos Plateau, there is a 400-kilometer-long "Yellow Dragon", which is the seventh largest desert in China with a total area of about 13,900 square kilometers and the closest desert to Beijing. --Kubuqi Desert.
"The wind rises and the sand flows everywhere, the sand presses the house and people move away. The sand canopy, the sand onion and vegetables, feeds one generation after another." There is a song about the Kubuqi Desert in Dalat Banner, which tells the hardships of the people living here in the past.
Today, in this golden land, there is a large blue "wave". Looking down from above, the layers form a picture of "galloping horses". This is the country's largest desert photovoltaic power station - Kubuqi Desert photovoltaic sand control project "steed power station".
Steed Power Station
Why is it named "Steed"? It is the use of the color difference between the surrounding low vegetation, yellow sand, by more than 196,000 photovoltaic panels to form a galloping horse, implying the "spirit of Mongolian horses" of "hard work, unrelenting, and never stop until the goal is achieved".
It is not only the largest desert photovoltaic power station in China, but also the largest photovoltaic panel graphic power station in the world as certified by Guinness World Records.
In 2017, Dalat Banner took desertification control as an important strategic initiative to build an important ecological security barrier in the north of China and promote high-quality economic development, and began to plan the construction of a photovoltaic sand control project covering 100,000 mu and with a scale of 2,000 MW in the Kubuqi Desert.
As one of the third batch of national PV runner bases, on June 30, 2018, the Dharat PV power application runner base started construction and achieved one-time full capacity grid-connected power generation on December 17 of that year. Among them, the State Power Investment Company of Inner Mongolia invested in the construction of the Dharat PV power generation application runner base No. 1 and No. 4 projects, which pioneered the completion of 300 MW desert PV power station in 133 days, including the "Steed Power Station".
Tree-Solar Complementary
The power station adopts the "tree and solar complementary" model, it means"power generation on the board, restoration under the board, planting trees between the boards", planting economic forests such as purple acacia and astragalus between the photovoltaic arrays, and planting sandy irrigation plants under the photovoltaic panels, which can achieve wind and sand control and ecological restoration while generating power. Protect the ground between the photovoltaic array from wind and sand erosion.
The project has outputted 2.312 billion kWh of green power since its commissioning, which is equivalent to saving 760,000 tons of standard coal and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 1.85 million tons. At the same time, to promote the ecological management of the desert, up to now has accumulated 16,000 mu of sand treatment, to achieve a win-win situation of ecological and economic benefits.
On this basis, the photovoltaic field area also focuses on the implementation of "photovoltaic power generation + desert management + ecological restoration + agriculture and forestry planting + tourism" and other multi-level support of the "desert economy pioneer area" construction.
Through water quality improvement project, the water is turned into water for the base industry, so that the ecological restoration and utilization of the desert, renewable energy generation, organic agriculture and forestry in the desert, and tourism with desert characteristics can be combined efficiently, thus extending the development chain of PV industry.
Sand-Solar Complementary
From the beginning to the end, Kubuqi Desert Photovoltaic Power Station has been implementing the model of "social + ecology + economy" to achieve more optimized and integrated social, ecological and economic benefits.
Kubuqi Desert PV Power Station covers an area of 50,000 mu, with more than 1.1 million photovoltaic panels, with a total installed capacity of 310 MW and 3,180 hours of sunshine resources throughout the year.
According to incomplete statistics, in 2018, the Kubuqi PV power station project generated more than 550 million degrees of electricity, which is equivalent to saving about 103,300,000 tons of standard coal a year, reducing carbon dioxide by about 286,100 tons, sulfur dioxide by about 9,390 tons, nitrogen oxides by about 4,695 tons, dust by about 85,000 tons, and saving water by 563,400 tons. It is such outstanding social benefits that make people perceive clean energy, new energy and photovoltaic more clearly.
As a representative of the combination of sand and light, the ecological benefits of Kubuqi Desert Photovoltaic Power Station cannot be ignored. According to Kubuqi photovoltaic power station station manager Tian Junting, Kubuqi power station in the power generation at the same time, but also for the desert management to provide a reference experience. Photovoltaic panels can shade the light and block the wind, which can reduce evaporation by 800mm per year and can lower the wind speed by 1.5m/s. Moreover, plants such as licorice, alfalfa, salmi and Dashawang can be planted under and between the panels.
And the application of water-saving technologies such as micro-jet and percolation irrigation saves groundwater resources to the greatest extent, saves more than 90% of water than conventional desert planting and irrigation mode, and improves plant survival rate by 30%. The virtuous cycle of wind control, sand fixation and water storage helps the land change from yellow sand to good land and realize land value.
Meanwhile, with the development of integration of light, heat, electricity, grass, livestock and poultry, the economic benefits brought by the desert photovoltaic power station are obviously improved.
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