1.Principles of turbine power generation.
The principle of hydroelectricity generation mainly involves the conversion of the energy of water flow into mechanical energy, which is then further converted into electrical energy.
The specific processes are as follows:
(1) The energy of water flow is converted into mechanical energy: when the water flow impacts the turbine, the turbine starts to rotate, and the potential energy of water is converted into mechanical energy. This is realized by the kinetic energy of the water flow pushing the turbine to rotate.
(2) Mechanical energy is converted into electric energy: the turbine drives the coaxial connected generator to rotate. Under the action of the excitation current, the rotor of the generator drives the excitation magnetic field to rotate, and the stator winding of the generator cuts the excitation magnetic line, thus generating an induced electromotive force in the stator winding and outputting electric energy.
(3) Conversion and balance of energy: As the water flow continuously acts on the turbine, the rotating torque obtained by the turbine from the water flow is used to overcome the electromagnetic braking torque generated on the motor rotor. When these two torques are balanced, the hydroelectric generator set will operate at a certain constant speed and steadily emit electricity
2、According to the nature of the utilization of water sources, hydroelectric power can be divided into three categories:
(1) conventional hydroelectric power plant: the use of natural rivers, lakes and other water sources to generate electricity.
(2) pumped storage power station: pumped storage power station using the power load in the low valley of electricity pumped to the upper reservoir, in the peak power load and then released to the lower reservoir power generation of hydroelectric power stations. Also known as storage hydroelectric power plant. It can be a low load of the grid when the excess power, transformed into the peak period of the grid of high-value power, but also suitable for frequency regulation, phase adjustment, stabilization of power system frequency and voltage, and is suitable for the accident back-up, but also to improve the efficiency of the system in the thermal power plant and nuclear power plant.
(3) Tidal energy power station: the main way of utilizing tidal energy is tidal power generation. Tidal power generation is similar to the principle of ordinary hydroelectric power generation, through the out of the reservoir, the seawater will be stored in the reservoir at high tide, preserved in the form of potential energy, and then, release seawater at low tide, the use of high and low tide level of the fall between the turbine to promote the rotation of the turbine, driven generator power generation. The difference lies in the fact that seawater is different from river water in that the seawater stored in the reservoir does not have a large drop, but has a large flow rate and is intermittent, thus the turbine structure for tidal power generation has to be suitable for the characteristics of low head and large flow rate.
3. Future of hydroelectric power plants
(1) Globally, the market outlook for hydropower is very broad. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global hydropower potential is about 2,600GW per year, of which less than 10% is currently utilized. Moreover, there is still a great potential for the development of hydropower resources in many countries, such as Brazil, China, India, the United States and so on. Therefore, with the growing global energy demand and the promotion of renewable energy policies, the market demand for hydropower will continue to increase.
(2) From a technological point of view, the technology of hydropower generation is mature and reliable, and has already realized large-scale commercial application. The technology for manufacturing, designing and constructing equipment for hydroelectric power generation is also constantly developing and improving, which increases the efficiency and reliability of the equipment and reduces the cost, further promoting the development of the hydroelectric power generation market.
(3) From the perspective of environmental factors, the environmental benefits of hydropower generation are obvious. Hydroelectricity is a clean energy source, there is no combustion process, it does not produce harmful gases, and it has less impact on the environment, which is in line with the requirements of sustainable development.
To summarize, the hydropower market has broad market prospects and good development opportunities. In the future, with the growth of global energy demand and the promotion of renewable energy policies, the hydropower market will usher in more space for development.
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